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Human Metapneumovirus and Other Respiratory Viral Infections During Pregnancy and Birth

Pregnancy is a life-changing journey, physically, emotionally, and biologically. As a woman nurtures new life within her, her body goes through powerful transformations. But these changes also bring increased vulnerability to certain infections, particularly viral illnesses that affect the lungs. Among them, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is now emerging as a concern, especially when paired with seasonal outbreaks of flu or RSV. Understanding the risks of respiratory infections during this critical time isn’t about fear, it’s about being prepared.

Why Respiratory Health Matters More During Pregnancy

Pregnancy alters the body’s immunity, making it more prone to infections that may have been minor pre-pregnancy. Add to that changes in lung capacity and cardiovascular function, and even a common cold can feel ten times heavier. Respiratory infections during pregnancy can trigger a cascade of complications, from fever and fatigue to breathlessness and, in more serious cases, hospitalization. The goal isn’t to panic but to monitor symptoms early, especially during flu season or after exposure in crowded places.

The Hidden Danger of Late-Stage Infections

While any illness during pregnancy deserves attention, catching a respiratory infection close to your due date raises additional concerns. Labor demands physical strength and stable oxygen levels. But with congestion, inflammation, or fever, both mother and baby may struggle during delivery. A respiratory infection during birth can lead to breathing difficulty, reduced fetal oxygenation, or even complications in the newborn. Most cases are manageable with medical support, but only if the issue is flagged early.

What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

HMPV virus in pregnancy might sound unfamiliar, but it’s part of a growing list of respiratory infections that have been under the medical radar for years. A cousin of RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), HMPV is highly contagious, spreads through droplets, and is known to cause wheezing, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia, especially in young children and immunocompromised individuals. Pregnant women, particularly those in their third trimester, must take caution as the immune system is less aggressive, making it harder to fight off viral invaders like HMPV.

Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

Pregnant women may brush off minor symptoms as ‘part of pregnancy’, fatigue, body aches, breathlessness. But certain red flags deserve immediate attention:
  • Persistent cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • High-grade fever
  • Chest tightness
  • Loss of appetite or extreme fatigue
Even in the absence of high fever, infections like HMPV can progress rapidly. A quick evaluation, pulse oximetry, and basic tests can help rule out anything serious.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

Here’s when you should skip the home remedies and seek medical attention:
  • If you have a fever that lasts more than 24 hours
  • If your breathing becomes laboured, especially at night
  • If fetal movement decreases
  • If you have an underlying health condition like asthma or diabetes These signs could indicate that your body is struggling to cope and timely intervention can make all the difference.

Pregnancy and Precautions in a Post-COVID Era

While COVID-19 heightened public awareness about respiratory viruses, many still underestimate how easily they can contract other infections in daily life. Whether it’s through siblings who go to school, a crowded OPD, or even a routine ultrasound visit, risks are everywhere. The good news? Most precautions to be taken are simple and effective.
  • Wash your hands frequently, especially after stepping outside
  • Avoid touching your face unnecessarily
  • Wear a mask in clinics, hospitals, and during travel
  • Maintain distance from people with flu-like symptoms
  • Stay updated on your flu and COVID booster shots
  • Keep your surroundings well-ventilated and sanitized
  • Eat a balanced, immune-supportive diet
At Gomti Thapar, we don’t treat pregnancy like a checklist, we treat it like the life-defining journey that it is. Our obstetricians work closely with internal medicine and pulmonology teams to monitor any signs of respiratory distress. We’re equipped with diagnostic tools, rapid testing, and a 24/7 emergency team, all designed to support mothers in their most vulnerable moments. Our approach is simple: proactive, protective, and deeply personalized.   Motherhood begins long before the baby arrives. It begins with choices, smart, informed, and protective. Understanding respiratory infections during pregnancy and new risks like HMPV virus in pregnancy allows women to be confident and cautious, not fearful. With the right care, clear communication, and timely diagnosis, even high-risk pregnancies can have healthy, happy outcomes. If you or a loved one is pregnant and showing flu-like symptoms, don’t wait. Let your care team know. Let’s keep both heartbeats safe.